The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation Concentrates – A

The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to ...

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Arsenic in Copper Concentrate

In a certain case study of "high" Arsenic in Copper Concentrate (almost 0.5% As) produced by flotation, and where the Cu Conc is mostly chalcopyrite and ... Tennantite/enargite contributes to elevated levels of arsenic, which may incur smelter penalties. Copper concentrates recently tested for mineralogy both measured about 0.44 percent arsenic ...

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Poseidon Nickel (POS)

Low levels of arsenic add to the quality of the concentrate. Arsenic is toxic and must be removed from nickel concentrate in the smelting process. High levels of arsenic will attract penalties to the price paid for the concentrate. Positive Conclusion These very positive results indicate nickel mineralisation within the Golden Swan mineralised ...

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Selling Metal Concentrates: Payable Metal, Treatment

For a lead-zinc concentrate typical penalties include bismuth, mercury, antimony, cadmium, nickel, cobalt and copper. There are many other penalty elements and if some elements are …

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Two-Stage Oxidative Leaching of Low-Grade Copper–Zinc Sulfide Concentrate

This may be supported by the fact that the arsenic content in all chemical leaching residues was higher than that in the concentrate (3.70, 1.95, and 2.35% in the residue obtained after the leaching without NaCl, in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, and 1 M NaCl, respectively) and by comparatively high tennantite content in the leaching residues.

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Toowong Process™ | Core Resources

The Toowong Process TM achieves over 90% arsenic and antimony removal from many copper, lead and nickel concentrates. The patented Alkaline Leaching (AL) process selectively leaches …

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China to tighten import thresholds for impurities in metal …

Chinese authorities also tried to tighten the impurities thresholds for copper concentrate in 2019, reducing the limits not only for arsenic but also for fluorine, lead and …

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How The Development of Awaruite Deposits in Canada May Help

The U.S. Government (USGS) sees a better way saying: "The development of awaruite deposits in other parts of Canada may help alleviate any prolonged shortage of nickel concentrate. Awaruite, a ...

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The whys and wherefores of penalty elements in copper concentrates

Arsenic is considered a "penalty element" [1, 2], and its removal in copper metallurgy presents a scientific and technological challenge; smelters impose penalties on the price of the concentrate ...

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Penalty element separation from copper concentrates utilizing …

This thesis will focus on the separation of the deleterious elements, also known as penalty elements, mainly bismuth and arsenic from a copper concentrate using froth flotation techniques. The ability to separate penalty elements from copper concentrates will directly benefit mining companies by creating a final copper concentrate that will ...

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Reducing the magnesium oxide content in Trojan's nickel final …

Trojan Nickel Mine in Bindura, Zimbabwe, produces nickel concentrates which, until 2008, were then processed at their smelter operations (Bindura Smelter and Refinery) and the subsequent product sent to the hydrometallurgical plant to produce nickel cathodes. ... monthly revenue due to smelter penalties amounted to an estimated total of US$141 ...

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Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper concentrates: …

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper concentrates: A review" by Daniel J. Lane et al. ... The selective leaching of arsenic using sodium hypochlorite was evaluated in order to reduce its concentration in a copper concentrate. The best conditions achieved in the synthetic concentrate were ...

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China to tighten import thresholds for impurities in metal …

For instance, the maximum arsenic content allowed in copper concentrate has been lowered to 0.4% from 0.5%; the level allowed in lead concentrate has been lowered from 0.7% to 0.6%; and that for zinc concentrate has been capped at …

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Penalty fees for Cu concentrates with high As-grade.

Meanwhile, countries which import this mineral concentrate are expected to impose economic penalties based on the arsenic content of the concentrate [72, 73]. Thus, from economical point of view ...

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OneMine | Oxidative Acid Leaching of a Nickel Sulphide Concentrate

Under the most suitable conditions the extractions of nickel, cobalt and arsenic at 90oC after 6 hours were >95%, 90% and <5%, respectively. The comparison with results from high pressure operations indicates the possibility of using a hydrometallurgical flowsheet based on fine grinding and atmospheric pressure leaching and warrants further ...

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The Whys and Wherefores of Penalty Elements in Copper Concentrates …

It is commonly known that copper smelter terms include penalties if the concentrations of elements, such as arsenic, mercury and fluorine, exceed stipulated limits. It is less commonly known that the behaviour of these elements in the smelters can depend on the processes used to treat the concentrate. The principle behind the penalties is to compensate the smelters and …

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THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF IMPURITIES AND …

Toll treatment of concentrates has often benefited from receiving minor elements in concentrate without payment to miner and in some cases even penalizing the miner! A typical penalty for …

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Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper concentrates: A

Arsenic is considered a "penalty element" [1, 2], and its removal in copper metallurgy presents a scientific and technological challenge; smelters impose penalties on the price of the concentrate ...

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TWO-STAGE FLUID BED REACTOR FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL AND FIXATION …

Arsenic is often associated with copper, nickel and gold in sulphide deposits. This paper describes a two-stage high-temperature fluid bed reactor for the removal and fixation of As from ores and ...

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Rejection of arsenic minerals in sulfide flotation — A literature

It is a penalty element in many base metal concentrates that are destined for smelting to produce the relevant metallic products. It is of economic and environmental interest …

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Net Payables on Metal Concentrates can be Low: Investors Beware

For a lead-zinc concentrate typical penalties include bismuth, mercury, antimony, cadmium, nickel, cobalt and copper. There are many other penalty elements and if some …

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HYDROMETALLURGY | 11 Handling increasing impurities

The result is a copper in concentrate of 50-60% together with the gold. The iron passes into solution accompanied by other ... the removal of arsenic, antimony and other penalty elements from copper, lead and nickel sulphide concentrates. The flowsheet consists of an atmospheric tank caustic leach

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A novel optimal formula of nickel extraction: arsenic …

Objective: Niccolite, a rare nickel arsenide mineral, has emerged as a promising source for nickel extraction. However, its processing is limited and often associated with toxicity concerns.

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TACKLING IMPURITIES IN COPPER CONCENTRATES

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Frontiers | A novel optimal formula of nickel extraction: arsenic

1 Introduction. Nickel is an important strategic metal with widespread applications in stainless steel and clean energy fields (Pariser et al., 2018; Poole et al., 2022).The consumption of nickel has reached 2.89 million tons in 2022 and the International Nickel Study Group (INSG) expects this to reach 3.22 million tons in 2023 ().In recent years, the growth of nickel …

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Processing of Arsenic-Containing Manitoba Nickel Concentrate

The plant was designed to process low-arsenic content Voisey's Bay sourced nickel concentrate (<0.001% As). In 2016, nickel concentrate from Vale's Manitoba Division containing up to 0.1% arsenic was investigated as a possible candidate for recovery via the Long Harbour flowsheet.

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Handheld XRF Analyzers Enhance Mineral Exploration and …

Figure 4. Arsenic-rich Gersdorffite veins bordering massive nickel sulfide. High arsenic is penalized in concentrate grades and must be removed or blended down prior to delivery to the smelter (photo taken at Silver Swan Nickel Mine, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia).

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FPX Nickel Produces Battery-Grade Nickel Sulphate and …

Vancouver, October 15, 2024 – FPX Nickel Corp. (TSX-V: FPX, OTCQB: FPOCF) ("FPX" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that it has successfully completed pilot-scale hydrometallurgy refinery testwork and produced battery-grade nickel sulphate from its Baptiste Nickel Project ("Baptiste" or the "Project").. Following on the Company's successful 2023 bench-scale ...

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Typical copper smelter penalty element costs. | Download Table

Download Table | Typical copper smelter penalty element costs. from publication: The Application and Economics of Industrial Alkaline Leaching of Copper Enargite Concentrates | As demand for ...

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A COMPARISON OF ROASTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR …

At the same time, the market-determined price penalties on arsenic rich concentrates are rising ... tonne of concentrate per 1% of arsenic. Strategies used by miners to avoid the price penalties ...

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