Flat and Elongated: Advances Using Digital Image Analysis

Figure 1: Proportional Caliper for measuring flat and elongated particles Taking for example the current methodology for measuring flat and elongated particles, as per ASTM specification D 4791-95 (ASTM, 1995). This involves first obtaining a sample and screening it into the various size fractions. Each piece then needs

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Flat and Elongated Particles

– 12 out of 114 particles are flat and elongated on 1/2 in. sieve – (12/114)*100 = 10.5% – 10 out of 105 particles are flat and elongated on 3/4 in. sieve

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ASTM D 4791 (Flat and Elongated Particles) | PDF

ASTM D 4791 (Flat and Elongated Particles) - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.

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Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in

The particle is elongated if the width can be placed within the smaller opening. 8.3.2 After the particles have been classified into the group described in 8.3, determine the proportion of the sample in each group by either count or by mass, as required. 8.4 Flat and Elongated Particle Test—Test each of the particles in each size fraction and ...

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A detection method of elongated and flat aggregate particles based …

In addition, compared to the elongated aggregate particles, the flat aggregate particles make the relative movement between the aggregates easier; this has a greater impact on the compaction performance of the asphalt mixture. Miao et al. used DEM to study the influence of elongated and flat aggregate particles on a mixture [7].

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ASTM International

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregates. Two procedures, Method A and Method B, are presented in this standard. Method A is a reflection of the original procedure as developed prior to Superpave and is intended for all non ...

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Evaluation of the Effect of Flat and Elongated Particles on the

Currently, the Superpave mix design system currently specifies a maximum limit of 10 percent of flat and elongated particles at the 5:1 ratio for the design aggregate blend. Very …

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Image-based methods for automatic identification of elongated and flat

It was found that elongated and flat particles increase the vulnerability of particles to breakage, and flat particles have a more negative influence than elongated particles. Gong et al. analyzed the influences of coarse aggregate shapes on asphalt mixture compaction [16]. The DEM results indicated that with an increase in the percentage of ...

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Precisions of Flat and Elongated Particle Tests ASTM D4791 and …

Precisions of Flat and Elongated Particle Tests ASTM D4791 and VDG-40 Videograder. Brian D. Prowell and Randy Weingart View all authors and affiliations. Volume 1673, Issue 1. ... A Method of Test for Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregates. In Handbook for Concrete and Cement. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Miss., 1997 ...

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Effect of Flat and Elongated Coarse Aggregate on Field …

It has long been believed that coarse aggregates that have a flat and elongated (F&E) shape are detrimental to the properties of hot-mix asphalt. Several attempts have been made to establish a relationship between these aggregate particles and performance.

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Evaluation of the Specification for Flat and Elongated …

a maximum acceptable percentage of flat and elongated particles that a coarse aggregate blend may have before being ruled out as an acceptable source. Regional state requirements for flat and elongated particles are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Regional States Flat and Elongated Specifications State Specification ASTM D4791, Method B

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Flat and Elongated Particles – Pavement Interactive

The flat and elongated particle test is used to determine the dimensional ratios for aggregate particles of specific sieve sizes. This characterization is used in the Superpave specification to identify aggregate that may have a tendency to impede compaction or have difficulty meeting VMA specifications due to …

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ASTM D4791-99

ASTM D4791-99 - SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregates. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except in regard to sieve size and the size of aggregate which are given in SI units in accordance with Specification E11. The SI …

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Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and …

Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 flat or elongated particles of aggregate—those particles of aggregate having a ratio of width to thickness or length to width greater than a specified value (see Terminology C 125). 1 This test method is …

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Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, …

10.1.3.1 Number of particles in each sieve size tested, 10.1.3.2 Percentages, calculated by number or by mass, or both, for: (1) flat particles, ( 2) elongated particles, and (3) total flat particles and elongated particles for each sieve size tested, and 10.1.3.3 The dimensional ratios used in the tests. 10.1.4 For flat and elongated ...

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Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregates. Two procedures, Method A and Method B, are presented in this standard. Method A is a reflection of the original procedure as developed prior to Superpave and is intended for all non-Superpave applications.

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Flat and Elongated Particles

Flat and Elongated Particles Purpose • Determine the percentage of flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregate sample • Standard Test – Method for Determining Flat and Elongated …

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ASTM D4791

ASTM D4791_10 Flat and elongated Particles in Coarse aggregate - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.

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Elongation, flatness and compactness indices to characterise particle

This is a predominantly flat particle rather than flat and elongated (i.e. bladed) as per the Zingg classification system. In summary, in the proposed new classification system and unlike the Zingg one, particles featured by b / a < 2 / 3 and small c / b values are correctly classified as flat and particles featured by c / b < 2 / 3 and small b ...

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Effect of Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregates on

Flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregates, for some construction uses, may interfere with consolidation and be difficult to place. In this study, an experiment to evaluate properties of ...

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1208 FLAT AND ELONGATED PARTICLES IN COARSE …

Flat and elongated particles in a +9.5mm (3/8") aggregate could interfere with and/or make it difficult to consolidate and place these materials. 1208.2 APPARATUS A. Proportional Caliper Device – This apparatus is suitable for this testing procedure. Consisting of a base with two fixed posts and a swinging

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ASTM D4791

Calculation: the percentage of flat, elongated, or flat and elongated particles in each size fraction, and for the combined aggregate sample, is calculated. The shape of coarse aggregate particles plays a crucial role in various construction applications.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Flat and Elongated Particles on the

Flat and elongated particles have long been considered undesirable in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixes due to their tendency to break down during construction and traffic. Currently, the Superpave mix design system currently specifies a maximum limit of 10 percent of flat and elongated particles at the 5:1 ratio for the design aggregate blend. Very ...

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specification of flat and elongated particles

specifiion of flat and elongated particles The particle is considered flat and elongated if the maximum thickness can be placed through the smaller opening. the particles have been classified into the groups described in, determine the proportion of the sample in each group by count or mass, as required.

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Level 2

Thin, Elongated Particles (Sec 403.2.4) This property, also known as flat and elongated, is the percentage of coarse aggregates that have a maximum to minimum dimension ratio of 5:1 or greater. Flat and elongated particles are undesirable because they have a tendency to break more easily than other aggregate particles.

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DETERMINING FLAT AND ELONGATED PARTICLES

DETERMINING FLAT AND ELONGATED PARTICLES TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-280-F CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 2 – 3 LAST REVIEWED: SEPTEMBER 2014 4.2 Reduce the sample to an amount suitable for testing in accordance with Tex-200-F. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1 Oven-dry the sample to constant weight, at a temperature of 230 ± 9°F (110 ± 5°C).

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Engineering Materials Test: Key Terms & Definitions Flashcards

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which statement is TRUE about the difference between cutbacks and emulsions? Emulsion grading includes the charge of the emulsion, while cutback grading does not. Emulsions and cutbacks both consist of water, asphalt binder, and an emulsifying agent. Emulsions are said to "cure" and cutbacks are said to "set" …

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EFFECT OF FLAT AND ELONGATED PARTICLES IN …

Flat and elongated particles are claimed to have deleterious effects on the workabihty and strength of concrete and, particularly, on the surface and surface finish of concrete subjected to wear Opinions formed from a consideration of these factors, together with a tendency

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Flat and Elongated: Advances Using Digital Image Analysis

The objective of this study was to investigate three flat and elongated particles ratios (FERs): 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1 using a modern 3-D laser scanning technique and compare results with ASTM D 4791 ...

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Flat and Elongated Aggregates in Superpave Regime

Some states have recommended changing the definition of flat and elongated aggregates from 5:1 to 3:1 and an increase in the maximum allowable percentage of flat and elongated (F&E) particles to 20% or higher in the Superpave aggregate specification. ...

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