Material properties and environmental implications of red mud

Red mud, an alkaline waste from bauxite refining, takes up land and poses environmental risks from its storage. This study examines red mud treatment, assessing blast …

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Characteristic, hazard and iron recovery technology of red mud

In recent years, the development trend of red mud storage is from seawater treatment to land storage, and from wet storage to dry storage. Red mud storage not only occupies land, but also requires expensive yard maintenance, resulting in higher storage cost (Archambo and Kawatra, 2020, Archambo and Kawatra, 2020).

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Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud: Current Research Status …

Red mud is a alkaline solid waste produced from bauxite as raw material to produce alumina or aluminium hydroxide. At present, the global red mud reserves have been estimated more than 3 billion tonnes with about 0.12 billion tonnes of annual growth rate [].The average utilization rate of red mud in the world is 15%.

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Summary of research progress on separation and …

Approximately 80% of scandium in nature occurs in bauxite (Yan et al. 2020). In the process of alumina production, ... In this paper, the physicochemical properties and hazards of red mud are first introduced, and …

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A Comparison Study on the Recovery of REEs from Red Mud by …

In this study, the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from red mud (bauxite residue) was explored through a combination of citric acid leaching and sulfation roasting–water leaching processes, introducing an innovative approach to the field. The research uniquely investigates the influence of citric acid on the leaching behavior of REEs and impurities in both …

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Transferring red mud to efficient adsorbent for the adsorption and

Red mud management strategies are generally categorized into two main approaches: hazard-free treatments and resource utilization. Hazard-free treatment focuses on stabilizing red mud to reduce environmental risks, while resource utilization seeks to convert red mud into valuable products or extract useful components or elements [6], [7], [8].Among the …

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Red mud utilisation for sustainable construction and soil

The characteristics and composition of red mud are influenced by the source of the bauxite ore and the methods used in its production. Tables 1 and 2 provide a detailed analysis of red mud's mineral and chemical components from various production methods, indicating that the major constituents are CaO, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, SiO 2, TiO 2, and Na 2 O. Red mud obtained …

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Red mud waste, hazards and the recycling ways | MAXTON

Red mud is rich in Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content. Although the elements present in red mud vary depending on the source, almost all red mud contains various types and quantities …

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The composition, recycling and utilisation of Bayer red mud

Red mud consists of valuable materials such as rare earth elements, titanium, iron and aluminium. The recovery of rare earths and other valuable metals from red mud have been analysed and reviewed in couple of studies (Binnemans et al., 2015; Borra et al., 2016a).These elements in the red mud have been attracting the interest of the research community to …

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Understanding red mud pollution: causes, impacts, and mitigation

Red mud is a highly alkaline waste product as well as containing toxic arsenic and mercury, which can cause serious harm if it enters the environment, having spilled from …

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Mechanism and CO2 emissions analysis of multi-solid-waste

The large stockpile and low utilization rate of red mud (RM) have caused an urgent need for large quantities of RM to be eliminated. In this study, multi-solid-waste synergistic RM-based composite ...

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Summary of research progress on separation and extraction of …

In this paper, the physicochemical properties and hazards of red mud are first introduced, and then, the overall utilization of red mud is summarized. Then, the latest research progress on the separation and extraction of valuable metals from red mud is reviewed in detail and a new comprehensive utilization method is recommended and evaluated.

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Summary of Research Progress on Metallurgical Utilization

Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged in the alumina production process. Because of its large amount of discharge and high alkalinity, it is mostly stored in dams, occupying a large number of land resources and posing a great safety hazard to the ecological environment. The large-scale consumption of red mud is a global technical problem. Different …

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Properties, hazards and valuable metal recovery technologies of …

Red mud is a hazardous solid waste generated by the alumina industry. Review covers the nature, composition and environmental hazards of red mud. Recovery of valuable metals from red mud is discussed. Numerous relevant studies are cited to investigate …

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Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

However, this approach is limited due to the alkaline nature of the material. The alkaline nature of red mud is reduced by the acidic counterpart of fly ash, generating the neutral nature of the composite. The latter could be the most significant solution for the vastness of the problem, but careful consideration is required for this ...

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Review Carbon capture and mineralisation using red mud: A …

Red mud (RM), also known as bauxite residue, is a solid waste or industrial by-product (IBP) produced during the alumina extraction process from bauxite ore (Archambo and Kawatra, 2021; Wang et al., 2019; Yuan et al., 2020). The major alumina and RM-producing countries include China, Australia, Brazil, India, Greece, etc., where billions of ...

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The large-scale sustainable utilization status of bauxite residue (red

Red mud (abbreviated as RM) is a solid waste formed during the alumina refining process from bauxite. Every year, over 200 million tons of RM are discharged worldwide. China is a large producer of alumina; the entire amount of RM of China in storage exceeds 1 billion tons because there is no technology for large-scale treatment. Extensive studies on the sustainable …

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Mechanical dewatering of red mud

Red mud is difficult to process because of the presence of fine particles. Most red mud slurries contain particles smaller than 10 µm at 80 % passing, and as a result, the setting process becomes slower. As the red mud is being pumped onto the mud field, 10–20 % of the caustic alkali introduced to the process is irretrievably lost [24]. The ...

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Applications of Red Mud as a Masonry Material: A Review

Red mud (RM) is a highly alkaline by-product produced by the aluminium industry. The total stockpile of RM in the world is evaluated to be close 4 billion tons, which caused serious soil and water pollution. The use of RM in masonry materials has proven to be a prospective strategy to alleviate the environmental problems caused by RM. During the past decades, …

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Sustainable Utilization of Red Mud as Recycled Waste: A

Red mud (RM) is a by-product produced during the extraction of alumina from bauxite using Bayer's process. The production of red mud as a by-product of hydrothermal alumina extraction results in the production of non-dissolved iron oxides, sodium aluminosilicates, titania, and silica, in addition to rare earth elements. Due to its high alkalinity, disposal …

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Zapping 'red mud' in plasma turns mine waste into …

Over the years, mining for aluminum has left behind billions of tons of the caustic sludge called red mud. But today in Nature, scientists report that a simple chemical process can extract another useful metal, iron, from this …

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Advances in Understanding Environmental Risks of Red Mud …

red mud elsewhere. The key immediate risks after the spill were associated with the highly caustic nature of the red mud slurry and fine particle size, which once desiccated, could generate fugitive dust. Studies on affected popula-tions showed no major hazards identified beyond caustic exposure, while red mud dust risks were considered equal

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Advances in Understanding Environmental Risks of Red Mud …

In the 5 years since the 2010 Ajka red mud spill (Hungary), there have been 46 scientific studies assessing the key risks and impacts associated with the largest single release of bauxite …

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(PDF) Advances in Understanding Environmental …

In the 5 years since the 2010 Ajka red mud spill (Hungary), there have been 46 scientific studies assessing the key risks and impacts associated with the largest single release of...

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Technologies for recovery of iron from red mud

Currently, the disposal of red mud, both in China and various countries, predominantly relies on land-based stockpiles [10], resulting in suboptimal utilization efficiency.Fig. 1 c illustrates the challenges and hazards posed by the red mud when disposed of. The extensive storage volume of red mud not only necessitates a significant allocation of storage space but a …

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Preparation of ultra-lightweight ceramsite from red mud and

Red mud is a hazardous waste by-product generated during the alumina extraction process, and 1–2 tons of red mud will be discharged when 1 ton of alumina is produced [1].The red mud with a pH value over 10 can cause great damage to the environment due to its high alkaline nature [2].In addition, the red mud contains hazardous elements such as Cr, Cd, Pb, …

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Recovery of Fe Element from Red Mud by Sodium Roasting and …

The paper investigates the treatment of ferric red mud through sodium roasting and alkaline leaching. The Al element in the red mud was removed, and the alkaline leaching residues were relatively pure Fe2O3. A novel approach was developed to enhance the retrieval of Fe element from high iron red mud by synthesizing sodium ferrate using alkaline leaching …

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(PDF) Advances in Understanding Environmental Risks of Red Mud …

The key immediate risks after the spill were associated with the highly caustic nature of the red mud slurry and fine particle size, which once desiccated, could generate fugitive dust.

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Red mud waste, hazards and the recycling ways | MAXTON

What is red mud Around 1888, Austrian chemist Carl Josef Bayer developed a method for producing aluminum oxide from bauxite. The principle is simple: bauxite is mixed with NaOH solution and heated. The aluminum oxide contained in the bauxite can dissolve into sodium aluminate in the NaOH solution. After filtering to remove the precipitate, aluminum hydroxide …

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Efficient utilization of red mud waste via stepwise leaching

Global red mud manufacturing is anticipated to be 200 million tons annually. Red mud accumulation has surpassed 4.6 billion tons, and the world's red mud stockpile is steadily expanding 2,3. Red ...

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