Raw materials for iron making and their testing

Raw materials such as iron ore, coal and limestone required for iron making in blast furnace and their testing methods are indicated. Certain test results on reducibility, decrepitation, crushing strength and physical strength of iron ores; shatter and abrasion strength of nut coke and low-temperature carbonized cokes and calcination characteristics of limestone are also discussed.

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Prospects of utilization of waste dumped low-grade limestone for iron

Low grade dumped limestone sample having high silica of 8.1%, 36.8% CaO, and 3% Al2O3 has been studied with the aim to reduce the silica level to below 3% for its utilization in iron making. Beneficiation study of the sample was initiated with desliming of the feed sample of −100 µm to remove the siliceous ultrafine particles and to improve the feed quality.

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Making Cast Iron from Pig Iron

In making cast iron from pig iron - the cruder form of iron - coke and limestone are added to pig iron and scrap iron in a furnace. Cast iron is more refined form of iron and has lesser carbon content as well. What exactly occurs in this process of making cast iron - what reactions happen in the furnace?

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Turning Limestone into Lime

Limestone fines are also used in the production of sinter and direct-reduced iron. To be useful in the steelmaking and ironmaking processes, limestone is heated in a rotary lime kiln to create what is called "burnt" lime, or calcium oxide (CaO).

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Charcoal Making

Charcoal is one of the three resources that go into making iron; the other two are iron ore and a flux, usually limestone. Of the three, it is the only renewable resource, but also the most expensive one to acquire. It cannot simply be mined, but must be created through a time-consuming, delicate process. An immense amount of charcoal was ...

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How Steel Is Produced? – 6 Steps of Steel Making Process

#1. Making the Iron. Steel is a metal alloy made of iron and carbon. Thus, the steel manufacturing process starts by making iron. To do this, limestone, coke, and iron ore are combined and put into a blast furnace. The elements are melted together to create a hot metal known as molten iron. #2. Primary Steelmaking.

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Iron Making | Boundless World History

It is made by smelting iron ore into a transportable ingot of impure high carbon-content iron as an ingredient for further processing steps. It is the molten iron from the blast furnace, a large cylinder-shaped furnace charged with iron ore, coke, and limestone. Iron Bridge: A bridge that crosses the River Severn in Shropshire, England. Opened ...

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Ironmaking 101 – From Ore to Iron with Blast Furnaces

Iron is made by reacting iron ore (iron oxide and impurities), coke (a reductant) and limestone (CaCO 3) in a blast furnace. Iron ores with lower iron content such as taconite are first processed to concentrate the iron level and …

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(PDF) LIMESTONE FOR STEEL MAKING

Limestone from Jaisalmer (Sanu mines) analysing >95% CaCO3 and <1.5% SiO2 was extensively tested by M/s. Steel Authority of India Ltd both at lab scale and at plant level and concluded that ...

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Lime, an essential component in the steel industry

Phosphorus removal: Phosphorus, contained in the iron ore and the scrap metal that are used to start the steel-making process, can seriously damage the properties of steel.In large quantities, it lowers the ductility of the steel making it easy to fracture when it is cold-worked. Quicklime added to the metal-making process extracts the phosphorus in the steel, lowering its proportion to …

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How Iron and Steel Work

The open-hearth furnace is one way to create steel from pig iron. The pig iron, limestone and iron ore go into an open-hearth furnace. It is heated to about 1,600 degrees F (871 degrees C). The limestone and ore form a slag that floats on the surface. Impurities, including carbon, are oxidized and float out of the iron into the slag.

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Blast Furnace Ironmaking

The iron burden consists of sinter, pellets, and/or lumpy ore in various proportions. Slag formers are usually limestone, BOF slag, and quartzite in small amounts to balance the slag rate and chemistry. Iron oxides are mainly Fe 2 O 3, sometimes Fe 3 O 4, with small amounts of FeO in agglomerates, and in gangue materials. In an ideal case ...

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Iron Making MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

What is the primary raw material used in the blast furnace for iron making? a) Iron ore b) Coal c) Limestone d) Coke View Answer. Answer: d Explanation: Coke is a special type of coal that we use in the blast furnace. It's like the fuel that helps to make iron from iron ore. 2. Which temperature range is typically maintained in the blast ...

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Metallurgical Uses of Lime

Lime is also essential to the production of non-ferrous metals. For example, lime is used to beneficiate copper ore, to make alumina and magnesia for use in aluminum and magnesium manufacture, to extract uranium, and to recover gold and silver. This area provides a discussion on how lime is used to produce iron, steel, and non-ferrous metals.

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From Lime to Steel: Understanding the Lime Steel Making Process

The Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) process is a primary method for producing steel from molten iron. This process involves blowing oxygen through molten iron to reduce the …

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Limestone—A Review with Special Reference to the Iron and …

Applications of Limestone in Iron and Steel Industry . Limestone has several applications in the iron and steel industry. Its versatile prop-erties make it an essential component in various stages of the production process, contributing to the quality and …

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Full text of "IS 10345: Flux Grade Limestone for Use in Iron and …

IS 10345 : 2004 Indian Standard FLUX GPIADE LIMESTONE FOR USE IN IRON AND STEEL MAKING — SPECIFICATION ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE This standard covers the requirements of flux grade limestone for use in iron and steel making. 2 REFERENCES The following standards contain provisions which through reference in this text, constitute …

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Prospects of utilization of waste dumped low-grade limestone for iron making: A case study Shobhana Deya,⇑, Laxmikanta Sahua, Binish Chaurasiaa, Bibhuranjan Nayakb a Mineral Processing Division ...

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Steel

Lime is used to convert iron into 'pig iron'. In the blast furnace, finely ground or granular limestone (with a low sulfur and alkali content) is used together with finely ground lime to convert ore into pig iron. The pig iron is later processed …

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Iron Making

The basic ingredients of iron making – iron ore, limestone, and carbon fuel – are some of the most common on Earth, but are not found everywhere. Early furnaces were built where these materials were available. Iron is usually found in combination in the form of hematite, the magnetite used at Hopewell, or other iron ores. Most iron ore was ...

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Ironmaking Process

As discussed in Section 2.2.1, limestone and dolomite, which are the major basic fluxes used in iron- and steelmaking, supply lime (CaO) and magnesia (MgO), respectively, in smelting iron ores to form slag with acid components silica (SiO 2) and alumina (Al 2 O 3). The ideal flux is low in acids, such as silica, alumina, sulfur, and phosphorus.

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Application Of Dolomite In Iron Making And Steel Making Processes

This is done by making a steelmaking slag which is super saturated in MgO at the temperature of steelmaking. These days slag splashing technology is being used extensively for the enhancement of the lining life of the BOF (basic oxygen furnace) vessel.

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Iron Making

The basic ingredients of iron making – iron ore, limestone, and carbon fuel – are some of the most common on Earth, but are not found everywhere. Early furnaces were built where these materials were available.

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How Iron and Steel Work

To create a ton of pig iron, you start with 2 tons (1.8 metric tons) of ore, 1 ton of coke (0.9 metric tons) and a half ton (0.45 metric tons) of limestone. The fire consumes 5 tons (4.5 metric tons) of air.

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Iron and steel making. lec.1 | PDF

3. By Ass. Lect. Ali H. Almaily 3 1.3 Iron making To produce iron, a charge of ore, coke, and limestone are dropped into the top of a blast furnace. A blast furnace is a refractory-lined chamber with a diameter of about (9 to 11 m ) at its widest and a height of 40 m, in which hot gases are forced into the lower part of the chamber at high rates to accomplish combustion …

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Prospects of utilization of waste dumped low-grade …

Low grade dumped limestone sample having high silica of 8.1%, 36.8% CaO, and 3% Al2O3 has been studied with the aim to reduce the silica level to below 3% for its utilization in iron making.

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Sintering: A Step Between Mining Iron Ore and …

Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke …

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Raw Material for Iron Making | PPT

Iron ore provides the iron oxides, coke provides carbon as a fuel and reducing agent, sinter helps remove impurities from lower grade ores, and limestone is used to remove impurities forming a slag. The blast furnace is a large, lined shaft that uses hot air to promote chemical reactions between the raw materials, producing liquid iron and slag ...

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Carbon mineralization of steel and iron-making slag: Paving the …

Steel and iron-making slag contain 30–60 wt% of calcium oxide (CaO) and 3–15 wt% of magnesium oxide (MgO), ... which includes the utilization of primary raw materials such as iron ore, metallurgical coal, and limestone. The release of dust can occur during the unloading, storage, or transportation of these materials, mainly during the ...

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Effect of adding limestone on the metallurgical properties of iron …

In general, the main types of pellets for the purposes of making iron are acid, basic and fluxed. In order to produce high-quality pellets, certain additives are important. The most common fluxing materials for iron ore pellet production are limestone (CaCO 3), dolomite (Ca,Mg(CO 3) 2) and olivine (Mg 2 SiO 4), but sometimes magnesite (MgCO 3 ...

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