Blast Furnace Ironmaking

A better burden distribution, increases in sinter and pellets quality, back pressure at the furnace top, and hot blast temperature of 1200–1300 °C, resulted in a rise of furnace productivity and drop in coke rate. Injection of auxiliary fuels such as oil, natural gas, and fine coal was started in order to further decrease the coke rate.

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The Sintering Process of Iron Ore Fines – IspatGuru

The sintering process is used to agglomerate a mix of iron ores (blend), return fines, fluxes and coke, with a particle size of less than 10 mm, so that the resulting sinter, …

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What is sintering in a blast furnace? Optimize Steel Production …

Sintering in a blast furnace is a critical process in steel production, where iron ore powder, fluxes, and recycled materials are transformed into sinter, a dense and consistent material optimized …

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Influence of Sinter and Pellets on Blast Furnaces Operation

intensification by hot blast. To increase the concentration of magnesium oxide in the slag at sinter production it is advisable to use the combined basic flux consisting of 70% regular and 30% dolomite limestone. PELLETS VERSUS SINTER A mix of iron ore raw materials consisting of sinter and pellets is used for blast furnace ironmaking in Russia.

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Blast Furnace Operation

A key component of the low-temperature blast furnace operation is to reduce the fuel rate significantly by lowering operating temperatures by 150–200 °C particularly in the thermal reserve zone [43].Consequently, the kinetics of the major blast furnace reactions must be increased so that production rates at lower operating temperatures are the same as for the traditional …

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Iron Ore Sinter

Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process for preparing iron ore fines for blast furnace use. The product of the sintering process is conveyed and charged into …

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Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets, Sinter, and Lump Ore under …

The experiments are conducted isothermally with a blast furnace simulator (BFS) high-temperature furnace at four different temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C) for 300 min. The experimental atmosphere consists of CO, CO 2, H 2, H 2 O, and N 2 simulating the conditions in the BF shaft.

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Raw materials

The sinter plant turns iron ore into sinter, which is the optimal product for the blast furnace. Sinter is made by burning a mix of iron ore powder, fluxes and recycled substances from the steel plant to create an open-grained, consistent substance. The sinter is then crushed, cooled and screened for dust. Sometimes, iron ore is supplied in the form of iron ore pellets.

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Sinter plant

A sinter plant is used to agglomerate iron ore to produce sinter, a product that can be used in a blast furnace.[1] According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, sinter, of suitable size for charging into the blast ...

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Effect of Alkalis on Ironmaking Process in a Blast Furnace

One of the main objectives during the operation of a blast furnace (BF) is to maximize the production of hot metal (HM) of the desired chemical composition at the minimum costs. ... Alkalis cause higher reactivity of coke, premature softening of the ore charge, decomposition of sinter, swelling of the pellets, and are involved in the formation ...

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Influence of blast furnace pellet proportions on environmental …

The utilization of a high proportion of pellets in blast furnace enhances the reducing of the emission of CO 2 and other pollutants, such as SO 2, NO x, dioxin, during the ironmaking process, thereby contributing to environmentally sustainable and low-carbon ironmaking.The influence of pellet proportions on the pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions from blast …

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Reduction of Basic Iron Ore Sinter under Blast Furnace Wall and …

Isothermal reduction trials of iron ore sinter were carried out in a blast furnace simulator (BFS) to investigate the influence of CO–CO 2 –H 2 –H 2 O–N 2 gas mixture on the reduction of sinter samples at the BF center and wall conditions in …

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Production of Iron in the Blast Furnace | SpringerLink

In the last years, alternative processes to the sequence blast furnace–converter used to produce steel have been developed. These alternatives include the direct reduction of iron ore without using coking, sintering, and pelletizing plants. One of the factors that can guarantee the survival of the blast furnace, independently of the ...

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Improved iron-ore sinter for blast furnaces | Steel in Translation

Technology has been developed for the production of fluxed local sinter and pellets with residual carbon for blast-furnace use. The new products have better metallurgical characteristics than existing materials.

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Understanding Sinter and Sinter Plant Operations

Fluxed sinters have superior high temperature properties in the blast furnace as compared to lump ore and acid sinters. These improvements include higher softening and melting temperatures and higher levels of …

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What is the Use of Sinter in Blast Furnaces? (3 Key Benefits)

Sinter is used in blast furnaces primarily to improve the efficiency and environmental impact of iron production. It serves as a method to utilize a variety of iron-containing raw materials, …

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Sintering

The function of the Sinter Plant is to supply the blast furnaces with sinter, a combination of blended ores, fluxes and coke which is partially 'cooked' or sintered. In this form, the materials combine efficiently in the blast furnace and …

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(PDF) Impact of Sinter Basicity and Alumina on Softening Melting

of the sinter samples used in the blast furnace, the fol-lowing results are obtained: 1. The increase in basicity of sinter from 1.74 to 2.09 at. alumina percentage 2.90 decreases softening start.

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Evaluation of Sinter Quality for Improvement in Gas …

as the sinter properties are greatly influence on the permeability of blast furnace. KEY WORDS: sinter; blast furnace; PCR; gas permeability; H 2; RI; RDI; slag. 1. Introduction Although production flexibility has been demanded in blast furnaces in recent years in order to cope with changing steel demand, low coke rate (CR) operation technology ...

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Improved IronOre Sinter for Blast Furnaces

requirements, the sintered iron ore used in the blast furnace must have a natural inclination of 37 °–41°, as for coke, so as to permit uniform distribution over the diameter of the blast furnace. The sinter and pellets have both positive and negative metallurgical charac teristics. The positive metallurgical characteristics of fluxed

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Blast furnace

The raw materials used in the blast furnace, coke and sinter, are loaded into the blast furnace via weighing hoppers. At the bottom of the blast furnace, hot air with a temperature of 1.000° C to 1.200° C is blown into the oven. The hot air …

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Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets, Sinter, and Lump Ore under …

sinter,and2pcsper25–32mmforlumpore.Theseparticlesizes were chosen so they correspond to sizes which are mostly used in a BF. The experiments were made with blast furnace simulator (BFS),[12] as shown in Figure 1. The BFS is a tube furnace with an inner diameter of 95mm that was used to carry out high-

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Life cycle assessment of blast furnace ironmaking processes: A

On the one hand, due to the use of some wastes in the blast furnace ironmaking process, such as adding blast furnace dust or ash in the sintering process, and reducing the land space. On the other hand, the blast furnace ironmaking process consumes solid materials and also generates a variety of high value-added gases, which is also beneficial ...

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Reduction degradation of lump, sinter, and pellets in blast furnace

Compared to the conventional blast furnace case, NBLL lump and sinter show a lower degradation for the H2 injection case while it was the opposite for the pellet, suggesting the necessity of ...

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Use of Nut Coke in a Blast Furnace

Use of Nut Coke in a Blast Furnace. Metallurgical coke also called blast furnace (BF) coke plays an important role in the stable operation of the BF. ... A study carried out on the influence of sinter and coke layers thickness and sinter-nut coke mixture on the gas permeability at temperatures in the range of 1,100 deg C to 1,600 deg C has ...

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(PDF) Iron Ore Sintering: Process

Sinter and pellets are used together in blast furnace (Jiang et al., 2010a ), but there are several drawbacks, mainly: spherical shape of pellets (lower angle of repose than sinter,

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Iron Ore Agglomeration Technologies

Sintering is a thermal process (1300–1400°C) by which a mixture of iron ore, return fines, recycled products of the iron and steel industry (mill scale, blast furnace dusts, etc.), slag-forming elements, fluxes and coke are agglomerated in a sinter plant with the purpose of manufacturing a sintered product of a suitable chemical composition ...

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A Review of the Production of Ferromanganese in Blast …

Proportion of MnO sinter used in Chinese blast furnaces in 1994-95 [4]. Results obtained by agglomeration of ore fines through sintering show clear improvements in coke consumption, Mn yield and ...

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Impact of Sinter Basicity and Alumina on Softening Melting

Softening–melting (SM) experiments have been carried out by using sinter basicity (CaO/SiO2) 1.74 to 2.09 and alumina content 2.90 to 3.39%. The objective of the work is to find the relation between sinter basicity and alumina on SM temperature range, so that we can improve the furnace performance. The increase in basicity of sinter from 1.74 to 2.09 at alumina 2.90 …

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Sintering

The function of the Sinter Plant is to supply the blast furnaces with sinter, a combination of blended ores, fluxes and coke which is partially 'cooked' or sintered. In this form, the materials combine efficiently in the blast furnace and allow for more consistent and controllable iron manufacture. Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of a ...

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