Pavement Layers

The sub-grade layer of a pavement is, essentially, the underlying ground. It is also known as the "Formation Level", which can be defined as the level at which excavation ceases and …

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Subgrade: Pengertian, Fungsi, Solusi dan Aplikasinya

Sifat Material Subgrade. Sebagai daya dukung tanah pada proyek perkerasan jalan, sifat material ini umumnnya terbagi menjadi tiga jenis antara lain: 1. Tanah dasar berbentuk kasar 2. Tanah dasar berbentuk butiran yang halus 3. Tanah dasar yang mampu mengembang.

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(PDF) Understanding the Performance of Expansive Subgrade Materials

grade material when dome ne, ... alternative lling materials for highway subgrade. Reclaimed asphalt . pavement ... Industrial waste and lime sludge were used to stabilise expansive sub-

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Flexible Road Construction Method Process Step by Step- Sub-grade, Sub

Sub-grade preparation works involve Earthwork is one of the major works involved in road construction. It involves the removal of top layer of soil, vegetation.Road area is prepared for the finished formation level. This is usually done using a manually and mechanically like tractor shovel, grader etc. Below the formation level, the soil is known as the sub - grade.

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What Is Road Subgrade in Construction and Why Is It Important?

The type of road (highway, local street, etc.), expected traffic flow and weather conditions will dictate the level of stabilization needed. Environmental Considerations: Any environmental restrictions, like the use of certain chemicals or the protection of local ecosystems, can influence the stabilization process and the choice of materials.

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Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil as subgrade and base material

Hence, researches have been done to uncover its alternative usage such as building material or as sub-grade materials for road constructions (Oluyinka and Olubunmi, 2018). Numerous researches have ...

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Section 6E-1

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UNIT5 HIGHWAY MATERIAL, CONSTRUCTION AND …

stribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light.

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Steps For Preparation Of Subgrade

The material should have an Optimum Moisture Content(OMC) at this stage, ranging from +1% to –2%. The mixing or drying process should be adopted if OMC is not found within the permissible limit. When the material at the site is too Dry: Additional water shall be added to increase the moisture content up to the permitted limit. After ...

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1. Sub grade

The roller shall run over the sub-grade till the soil is evenly and densely consolidated and behaves as elastic mass (the roller shall pass a minimum of 5 runs on the sub-grade). All the undulations in the surface that developed due to rolling shall be made good with material or quarry spoils as the case may be and the sub-grade is re-rolled.

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Bases and Subbases for Concrete Pavement

Rigid pavements are typically constructed using a portland cement bound surface layer over one or more support layers over a prepared natural earth subgrade (Figure 5). The base layer is …

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Difference between Subbase and Subgrade

Heavier is the loads coming over the subgrade, higher is the thickness of the subgrade. A thickness of 12 inch or more can be expected for normal highway pavement. Compared to other surface material, the cost of subgrade material is less. The subgrade material can be improved when it do not have adequate load bearing strength.

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Types of road material and its tests | PPT

1.SOIL 2.AGGREGATE 3.BITUMEN 4.CEMENT TYPES OF TEST ON ROAD MATERIAL 1.Test on soil sub grade- C.B.R. Test. 2.Test on Aggregate – Los Angeles abrasion, impact test, shape test. 3.Tests on bitumen- …

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Sub-Grade Soil, Its Importance and Requirements for Practical Use

Road pavement consists of four major parts and are named as subgrade, sub base course, base course and wearing course. The sub grade consists of natural soil or gravel material, sub course consist of graded natural gravel, base course consists of graded crushed materials and wearing course consists of bituminous of concrete materials.

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What Is Subgrade Layer In Road? (Updated 2025)

A subgrade layer in a road is the layer of material (usually soil, gravel or asphalt) that lies underneath the pavement or road surface. It is the foundation upon which the entire …

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Highway Material.ppt

INTRODUCTION… A Highway Pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade. Primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. It should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, …

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HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL & PRACTICE | PPT

3. Bituminous Materials Bituminous material, or bitumen in the form of asphalt, is one of the major highway construction materials used. Asphalt is normally a residue product from the distillation of crude oil and, as refined, is a heavy, viscous material that is semisolid at normal atmospheric temperatures. By controlled processing or blending desired viscosity and …

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Subgrade and Material Testing Services | BPC INDIA

BPC provide best Sub-grade and Material Testing Service in India with 17 years experience& having expert Highway engineering, testing team for Roads, Rail. Home; Services. ... We offer a wide range of routine materials testing services for aggregates, concrete, bitumen, soils and asphalts, as well as services such as geotechnical field testing ...

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The Importance of Sub-Grade Road Models in Construction …

There are several benefits of using sub-grade road models in construction planning for roadwork and highway projects, including: ... Efficient use of materials: Sub-grade road models ensure that the correct type and amount of materials are used in road construction. By optimizing the use of natural resources and minimizing excess material usage ...

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Highway Materials Unit-III | PPT

2. PAVEMENTS highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favourable light …

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Typical Road Structure Cross Section

Road Structure Cross Section is composed of the following components: 1. Surface/Wearing Course 2. Base Course 3. Sub Base 4. Sub Grade

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HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Good quality construction material makes superior pavements. Thickness, performance and efficiency of pavements depend upon quality of highway materials. Highway materials include: 1. Sub-grade soil 2. Stone aggregates 3. Bituminous materials 4. Cement and cement concrete Classification, characteristics and desirable properties: 1. Sub-grade soil

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Highway Material

Various types of material are used in different type of highway and pavements. The nature, quality, and type of material vary according to class of highway and serviceability requirement. Some of the highway materials are: Minerals materials such as sub grade soil, sand, fine aggregates, gravel, blast furnace slag, finer material.

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Subgrade Soil

The supporting soil beneath pavement and its special under courses is called sub grade. Undisturbed soil beneath the pavement is called natural sub grade. ... The desirable properties of sub grade soil as a highway material are 1. Stability 2. Incompressibility 3. Permanency of strength 4. Minimum changes in volume and stability under adverse ...

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Road Design: Pavement Thickness and Material Quantity …

Step 2: Sub-base Layer Material Calculation. For a sub-base layer thickness of 150 mm (or 0.15 m), and a compaction factor of 1.2: Sub-base Quantity = 5,000 m² × 0.15 m × 1.2 = 900 m³ of sub-base material. Step 3: Base Layer Material Calculation. For a base layer thickness of 200 mm (or 0.2 m), and a compaction factor of 1.2:

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Module 3

Bituminous materials are very commonly used in highway construction because of their binding and their water proofing properties. When the bitumen contains some inert material or mineral, it is some times called asphalt. ... Properties of Sub Grade and Paving Materials The sub grade soil should posses the following properties: (i) Stability ...

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Typical Road Structure Cross Section

b. Characteristics of materials used in Sub Base: The subgrade material should be clean and free from organic matter and should be able to be compacted by roller, to form stable sub-base. The material should have …

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EB204

AASHTO Classification of Highway Subgrade Materials. AASHTO Soil Classification System (from AASHTO M145) General Classification ... As with the sub-grade, any abrupt changes in the character of a sub­base can lead to reduced performance of a concrete pavement. As a guide, Table 8, taken from AASHTO M147, shows typical unstabilized subbase ...

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CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHWAY SUBGRADE MATERIALS

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Pavement materials: Soil

The desirable properties of sub grade soil as a highway material are Stability Incompressibility ... (CBR) test was developed by the California Division of Highway as a method of classifying and evaluating soil-sub grade and base …

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